1. Phonology and Orthography (ध्वनि एवं वर्तनी)
This section covers questions on pronunciation (उच्चारण स्थान), conjunct consonants (संयुक्त व्यंजन), and correct spelling (शुद्ध शब्द).
- ‘क’ का उच्चारण स्थान क्या है? (What is the place of articulation for ‘क’?)
(A) मूर्धा (Murdha – Retroflex)
(B) दन्त (Dant – Dental)
(C) कण्ठ (Kanth – Velar)
(D) ओष्ठ (Oshth – Labial)
Answer: (C) कण्ठ (Kanth – Velar)
Explanation: The sounds of the ‘क’ series (क, ख, ग, घ, ङ) are produced from the throat (कण्ठ). - ‘ऊ’ का उच्चारण स्थान क्या है? (What is the place of articulation for ‘ऊ’?)
(A) कण्ठ (Kanth – Velar)
(B) तालु (Talu – Palatal)
(C) ओष्ठ (Oshth – Labial)
(D) मूर्धा (Murdha – Retroflex)
Answer: (C) ओष्ठ (Oshth – Labial)
Explanation: The vowels ‘उ’ and ‘ऊ’ are articulated with the help of the lips (ओष्ठ). - ‘म’ का उच्चारण स्थान क्या है? (What is the place of articulation for ‘म’?)
(A) कण्ठ (Kanth – Velar)
(B) तालु (Talu – Palatal)
(C) ओष्ठ (Oshth – Labial)
(D) दन्त (Dant – Dental)
Answer: (C) ओष्ठ (Oshth – Labial)
Explanation: The sounds of the ‘प’ series (प, फ, ब, भ, म) are produced from the lips (ओष्ठ). - ‘य’ का उच्चारण स्थान क्या है? (What is the place of articulation for ‘य’?)
(A) कण्ठ (Kanth – Velar)
(B) तालु (Talu – Palatal)
(C) मूर्धा (Murdha – Retroflex)
(D) दन्त (Dant – Dental)
Answer: (B) तालु (Talu – Palatal)
Explanation: The consonant ‘य’ is articulated from the palate (तालु). - **व्, फ् का उच्चारण स्थान हैः- (The place of pronunciation of ‘v’ and ‘ph’ is:-) **
(a) तालु (Palate)
(b) कंठ (Throat)
(c) दंत-ओष्ठ (Labio-dental)
(d) कंठ-तालु (Palato-glottal)
Answer: (c) दंत-ओष्ठ (Labio-dental)
Explanation: These sounds are produced with the lower lip and upper teeth, which is known as labio-dental articulation. - ए. ऐ का उच्चारण स्थान है- (The place of articulation for ‘ए’ and ‘ऐ’ is-)
(a) कण्ठोष्ठ (Gutturo-labial)
(b) दंतोष्ठ (Labio-dental)
(c) कंठतालु (Palato-glottal)
(d) नासिका (Nasal)
Answer: (c) कंठतालु (Palato-glottal)
Explanation: The vowels ‘ए’ and ‘ऐ’ are formed by the combination of sounds from the throat (कंठ) and the palate (तालु). - **अ, आ का उच्चारण स्थान हैः- (The place of articulation for ‘अ’ and ‘आ’ is:-) **
(a) तालव्य (Palatal)
(b) दंत्य (Dental)
(c) कंठ (Velar)
(d) ओष्ठ्य (Labial)
Answer: (c) कंठ (Velar)
Explanation: The vowels ‘अ’ and ‘आ’ are articulated from the throat (कंठ). - **ह का उच्चारण स्थान हैः- (The place of articulation for ‘ह’ is:-) **
(a) स्वर यंत्र (Larynx/Glottis)
(b) दंत (Dental)
(c) मूर्द्धा (Retroflex)
(d) ओष्ठ (Labial)
Answer: (a) स्वर यंत्र (Larynx/Glottis)
Explanation: The consonant ‘ह’ is a glottal sound, produced in the larynx, which is referred to as ‘स्वर यंत्र’ (vocal apparatus). - **क् + ष अक्षरों का संयुक्त शब्द हैः- (The conjunct letter for क् + ष is:-) **
(a) वृक्ष (Vriksha)
(b) वृक (Vrika)
(c) वर्ष (Varsha)
(d) वृषं (Vrisham)
Answer: (a) वृक्ष (Vriksha)
Explanation: The combination of the consonants क् (k) and ष (ṣ) forms the conjunct consonant ‘क्ष’ (kṣa). Of the options provided, only ‘वृक्ष’ contains it. - **ज्+ञ=ज्ञ अक्षरों का संयुक्त शब्द है:- (The conjunct letter for ज्+ञ=ज्ञ is:-) **
(a) घन्टी (Ghanti)
(b) कण्ठ (Kanth)
(c) राष्ट्र (Rashtra)
(d) मिट्टी (Mitti)
Answer: (d) मिट्टी (Mitti)
Explanation: The combination of ‘ज्’ and ‘ञ’ forms ‘ज्ञ’. However, none of the options contain ‘ज्ञ’. The answer key indicates (d) मिट्टी, which contains ‘ट्ट’. This points to an error in the original question paper. - **क्+ष्+अ =क्ष अक्षरों का संयुक्त शब्द हैः- (The joint word of the letters क्+ष्+अ =क्ष is:-) **
(a) क्षमा (Kshama)
(b) मित्र (Mitra)
(c) श्रम (Shram)
(d) इत्र (Itra)
Answer: (b) मित्र (Mitra)
Explanation: The answer in the key is (b) मित्र. However, the letter combination क्+ष्+अ forms ‘क्ष’, which is found in the word (a) क्षमा, not in मित्र. This indicates an error in the original question paper. - शुद्ध शब्द है (The correct word is)
(A) उजवल (Ujval)
(B) उज्जवल (Ujjval)
(C) उज्वल (Ujval)
(D) उज्ज्वल (Ujjwal)
Answer: (D) उज्ज्वल (Ujjwal)
Explanation: The correct spelling for ‘bright’ is ‘उज्ज्वल’, with two half ‘ज’s. - शुद्ध शब्द है (The correct word is)
(A) आशिर्वाद (Ashirvad)
(B) आर्शीवाद (Arshivad)
(C) आशीर्वाद (Aashirvad)
(D) आसीर्वाद (Aseervad)
Answer: (C) आशीर्वाद (Aashirvad)
Explanation: The correct spelling for ‘blessing’ is ‘आशीर्वाद’. - शुद्ध शब्द है (The correct word is)
(A) अनूकुल (Anukul)
(B) अनुकूल (Anukool)
(C) अनूकूल (Anukool)
(D) अनुकुल (Anukul)
Answer: (B) अनुकूल (Anukool)
Explanation: The correct spelling for ‘favorable’ is ‘अनुकूल’. - शुद्ध शब्द है (The correct word is)
(A) पूज्यनीय (Pujyaniya)
(B) पूजनीय (Pujaniya)
(C) पुज्यनीय (Pujyaniya)
(D) पुजनीय (Pujaniya)
Answer: (B) पूजनीय (Pujaniya)
Explanation: ‘पूजनीय’ is the correct word. ‘पूज्य’ is also correct, but ‘पूज्यनीय’ is incorrect. - **शुद्ध शब्द है:- (The correct word is:-) **
(a) दष्टव्य (Dashtavya)
(b) दृष्टव्य (Drishtavya)
(c) दर्शटव्य (Darshtavya)
(d) द्रष्टव्य (Drashtavya)
Answer: (d) द्रष्टव्य (Drashtavya)
Explanation: The correct orthography for the word meaning “notable” is ‘द्रष्टव्य’. - **शुद्ध शब्द है:- (The correct word is:-) **
(a) देहिक (Dehik)
(b) दहक (Dahak)
(c) दहैक (Dahaik)
(d) दैहिक (Daihik)
Answer: (d) दैहिक (Daihik)
Explanation: The correct spelling for the word meaning ‘physical’ or ‘bodily’ is ‘दैहिक’. - **शुद्ध शब्द हैः- (The correct word is:-) **
(a) अक्षोहिणी (Akshohini)
(b) अक्षौहिणी (Akshauhini)
(c) अक्षहिणी (Akshahini)
(d) अक्षहीण (Akshahin)
Answer: (b) अक्षौहिणी (Akshauhini)
Explanation: “अक्षौहिणी” is the correctly spelled word, a term from the Mahabharata for a unit of an army. - **शुद्ध शब्द है :- (The correct word is 🙂 **
(a) कमलांगी (Kamlangi)
(b) कमलाग (Kamlag)
(c) कोमलांगी (Komlangi)
(d) कोमलांगिनी (Komlangini)
Answer: (c) कोमलांगी (Komlangi)
Explanation: The grammatically correct and pure word is ‘कोमलांगी’, which means a woman with a delicate body.
2. Grammar and Syntax (व्याकरण एवं वाक्य-रचना)
This section covers parts of speech, gender, number, adjectives, compounds, case, prefixes, and suffixes.
- ‘देव’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है (The feminine form of the word ‘देव’ is)
(A) देवी (Devi)
(B) दवी (Davi)
(C) दीवी (Divi)
(D) दोवी (Dovi)
Answer: (A) देवी (Devi)
Explanation: The correct feminine form of ‘देव’ (god) is ‘देवी’ (goddess). - ‘नेता’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है (The feminine form of the word ‘नेता’ is)
(A) नेती (Neti)
(B) नेत्री (Netri)
(C) नेताइन (Netain)
(D) नेतिन (Netin)
Answer: (B) नेत्री (Netri)
Explanation: The correct feminine form of ‘नेता’ (leader) is ‘नेत्री’. - ‘कवि’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है (The feminine form of the word ‘कवि’ is)
(A) कवयित्री (Kavayitri)
(B) कवियत्री (Kaviyatri)
(C) कवित्री (Kavitri)
(D) कवीयत्री (Kaviyatri)
Answer: (A) कवयित्री (Kavayitri)
Explanation: The correct feminine form of ‘कवि’ (poet) is ‘कवयित्री’. - ‘विद्वान्’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है (The feminine form of the word ‘विद्वान्’ is)
(A) विदुषी (Vidushi)
(B) विद्वानी (Vidvani)
(C) विदुशी (Vidushi)
(D) विद्वानि (Vidvani)
Answer: (A) विदुषी (Vidushi)
Explanation: The correct feminine form of ‘विद्वान्’ (scholar) is ‘विदुषी’. - ‘कवि’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है- (The feminine form of the word ‘कवि’ is-)
(a) कवियत्री (Kaviyatri)
(b) कवयित्री (Kavayitri)
(c) कवीयन्त्री (Kaviyantri)
(d) कवयीत्री (Kavayitri)
Answer: (b) कवयित्री (Kavayitri)
Explanation: The correct feminine form of ‘कवि’ (male poet) is ‘कवयित्री’ (female poet). - **’चंचल’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग हैः- (The feminine form of the word ‘Chanchal’ is:-) **
(a) चंचला (Chanchala)
(b) चंचली (Chanchali)
(c) चिचल (Chichal)
(d) चील (Chacheel)
Answer: (a) चंचला (Chanchala)
Explanation: The feminine form of “चंचल” (restless, fickle) is “चंचला”. - **’सेठ’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है :- (The feminine form of the word ‘सेठ’ is 🙂 **
(a) सेठी (Sethi)
(b) सेठानी (Sethani)
(c) सठानी (Sathani)
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं (None of these)
Answer: (b) सेठानी (Sethani)
Explanation: The correct feminine form for ‘सेठ’ (a wealthy man) is ‘सेठानी’. - **’लोटा’ शब्द का स्त्रीलिंग है:- (The feminine form of the word ‘लोटा’ is:-) **
(a) लोटिया (Lotiya)
(b) लाटा (Lata)
(c) लुटिया (Lutiya)
(d) लाट (Lat)
Answer: (c) लुटिया (Lutiya)
Explanation: The feminine form of the word ‘लोटा’ (a small metal pot) is ‘लुटिया’. - ‘चिड़िया’ शब्द का बहुवचन है (The plural form of the word ‘चिड़िया’ is)
(A) चिड़ियाँ (Chidiyan)
(B) चिड़ियों (Chidiyon)
(C) चिड़िएँ (Chidien)
(D) चिड़ीयों (Chidiyon)
Answer: (A) चिड़ियाँ (Chidiyan)
Explanation: The plural of ‘चिड़िया’ (bird) is ‘चिड़ियाँ’ (with a chandrabindu). - ‘साधु’ शब्द का बहुवचन है (The plural form of the word ‘साधु’ is)
(A) साधुएँ (Sadhuein)
(B) साधुओं (Sadhuon)
(C) साधु (Sadhu)
(D) साधू (Sadhu)
Answer: (C) साधु (Sadhu)
Explanation: The word ‘साधु’ (sage) is used in the same form for both singular and plural. - ‘आँसू’ शब्द का बहुवचन है (The plural form of the word ‘आँसू’ is)
(A) आँसूएँ (Aansuein)
(B) आँसुओं (Aansuon)
(C) आँसू (Aansu)
(D) आँसुए (Aansue)
Answer: (C) आँसू (Aansu)
Explanation: The word ‘आँसू’ (tear) is used in the same form for both singular and plural in its direct case. - ‘प्राण’ शब्द का बहुवचन है (The plural form of the word ‘प्राण’ is)
(A) प्राणों (Pranon)
(B) प्राणें (Pranein)
(C) प्राण (Pran)
(D) प्राणे (Prane)
Answer: (C) प्राण (Pran)
Explanation: The word ‘प्राण’ (life) is always used in the plural form (nitya bahuvachan). - ‘प्रतिदिन’ में समास है (The compound in ‘प्रतिदिन’ is)
(A) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(B) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(C) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
(D) द्विगु (Dvigu)
Answer: (C) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
Explanation: In ‘प्रतिदिन’ (every day), the first part ‘प्रति’ is an indeclinable prefix (avyaya), making it an Avyayibhav compound. - ‘नीलकमल’ में समास है (The compound in ‘नीलकमल’ is)
(A) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
(B) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
(C) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(D) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
Answer: (A) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
Explanation: ‘नीलकमल’ (blue lotus) has a relationship of adjective-noun, making it a Karmadharaya compound. - ‘चौराहा’ में समास है (The compound in ‘चौराहा’ is)
(A) द्विगु (Dvigu)
(B) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(C) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(D) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
Answer: (A) द्विगु (Dvigu)
Explanation: In ‘चौराहा’ (crossroads), the first part ‘चौ’ (four) is a number, making it a Dvigu compound. - ‘भरपेट’ में समास है (The compound in ‘भरपेट’ is)
(A) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
(B) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(C) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
(D) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
Answer: (A) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
Explanation: In ‘भरपेट’ (full stomach), the first part ‘भर’ is an indeclinable prefix (avyaya), making it an Avyayibhav compound. - सुपुरूष में कौन सा समास है? (Which compound is in ‘सुपुरूष’?)
(a) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(b) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
(c) अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav)
(d) तत्पुरूष (Tatpurush)
Answer: (b) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
Explanation: ‘सुपुरुष’ (good man) is an example of Karmadharaya samas, where the first part ‘सु’ (good) is an adjective describing the second part ‘पुरुष’ (man). - ‘दाल-रोटी’ समास है- (The compound in ‘दाल-रोटी’ is-)
(a) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
(b) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
(c) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(d) तत्पुरूष (Tatpurush)
Answer: (c) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
Explanation: ‘दाल-रोटी’ is an example of the Dvandva samās (copulative compound), where both parts are of equal importance. - **’कुसुम कोमल’ समास हैः- (The compound in ‘कुसुम कोमल’ is:-) **
(a) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(b) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(c) द्विगु (Dvigu)
(d) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
Answer: (d) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
Explanation: The phrase ‘कुसुम कोमल’ (soft as a flower) is an example of the Karmadharaya samas, where one part describes the other. - **त्रिभुवन समास है :- (The compound in ‘त्रिभुवन’ is 🙂 **
(a) द्वन्द्व (Dvandva)
(b) तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush)
(c) द्विगु (Dvigu)
(d) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
Answer: (c) द्विगु (Dvigu)
Explanation: ‘त्रिभुवन’ (three worlds) is an example of Dvigu Samasa because its first part ‘त्रि’ (three) is a number. - ‘पीताम्बर’ समास हैः (The compound in ‘पीताम्बर’ is:)
(a) कर्मधारय (Karmadharaya)
(b) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
(c) द्वन्द (Dvandva)
(d) द्विगु (Dvigu)
Answer: (b) बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi)
Explanation: “पीताम्बर” (yellow-robed) refers to Lord Vishnu, so it’s a Bahuvrihi compound where the word refers to a specific entity. - ‘अग्नि’ का विशेषण है (The adjective for ‘अग्नि’ is)
(A) आग्नेय (Aagneya)
(B) आग (Aag)
(C) अग्नेय (Agneya)
(D) अग्नीय (Agniya)
Answer: (A) आग्नेय (Aagneya)
Explanation: The adjective formed from the noun ‘अग्नि’ (fire) is ‘आग्नेय’ (igneous). - ‘अपमान’ का विशेषण है (The adjective for ‘अपमान’ is)
(A) अपमानी (Apmani)
(B) अपमानित (Apmanit)
(C) अपमानीय (Apmaniya)
(D) अपमानिक (Apmanik)
Answer: (B) अपमानित (Apmanit)
Explanation: The adjective formed from the noun ‘अपमान’ (insult) is ‘अपमानित’ (insulted). - ‘धर्म’ का विशेषण है (The adjective for ‘धर्म’ is)
(A) धार्मिक (Dharmik)
(B) अधर्म (Adharm)
(C) धर्मा (Dharma)
(D) धर्मी (Dharmi)
Answer: (A) धार्मिक (Dharmik)
Explanation: The adjective formed from the noun ‘धर्म’ (religion) is ‘धार्मिक’ (religious). - ‘राष्ट्र’ का विशेषण है (The adjective for ‘राष्ट्र’ is)
(A) राष्ट्रीय (Rashtriya)
(B) राष्ट्रिक (Rashtrik)
(C) राष्ट्रीयता (Rashtriyata)
(D) राष्ट्रिय (Rashtriya)
Answer: (A) राष्ट्रीय (Rashtriya)
Explanation: The adjective formed from the noun ‘राष्ट्र’ (nation) is ‘राष्ट्रीय’ (national). - ‘पिता’ शब्द का विशेषण है- (The adjective for the word ‘पिता’ is-)
(a) माता (Mata)
(b) पालक (Palak)
(c) पौत्र (Pautra)
(d) पैतृक (Paitrik)
Answer: (d) पैतृक (Paitrik)
Explanation: The adjective form derived from the noun ‘पिता’ (father) is ‘पैतृक’ (paternal). - **’धन’ शब्द का विशेषण है :- (The adjective for the word ‘धन’ is 🙂 **
(a) धनिक (Dhanik)
(b) धार्मिक (Dharmik)
(c) धर्मात्मा (Dharmatma)
(d) धनवान् (Dhanvan)
Answer: (d) धनवान् (Dhanvan)
Explanation: The adjective ‘धनवान्’ (wealthy) is formed from the noun ‘धन’ (wealth). - **’दान’ शब्द का विशेषण है:- (The adjective for the word ‘दान’ is:-) **
(a) दानव (Danav)
(b) दात्री (Datri)
(c) दानी (Dani)
(d) दशक (Dashak)
Answer: (c) दानी (Dani)
Explanation: The adjective form of the noun ‘दान’ (donation) is ‘दानी’ (charitable). - ‘बहुत दूध’ कौन-सा विशेषण है? (What type of adjective is ‘बहुत दूध’?)
(a) निश्चित वाचक (Definite)
(b) समुदायवाचक (Collective)
(c) प्रत्यक बोधक (Distributive)
(d) अनिश्चितवाचक (Indefinite)
Answer: (d) अनिश्चितवाचक (Indefinite)
Explanation: ‘बहुत दूध’ (a lot of milk) is an indefinite adjective as it does not specify a precise quantity. - **”एक, तीन, दो” कौन-सा विशेषण है:- (“One, three, two” is what type of adjective:-) **
(a) आवृतिवाचक (Frequency)
(b) गणनावाचक (Cardinal)
(c) क्रमवाचक (Ordinal)
(d) गुणवाचक (Qualitative)
Answer: (b) गणनावाचक (Cardinal)
Explanation: Numbers like “एक, दो, तीन” that are used for counting are known as cardinal adjectives (गणनावाचक विशेषण). - **”मैं, तू” कौन विशेषण हैः- (“I, you” are what kind of adjective:-) **
(a) सार्वनामिक विशेषण (Pronominal Adjective)
(b) निश्चित संख्यावाचक (Definite Numeral Adjective)
(c) दिशावाचक (Directional Adjective)
(d) परिमाण बोधक (Quantitative Adjective)
Answer: (a) सार्वनामिक विशेषण (Pronominal Adjective)
Explanation: When pronouns like “मैं” (I) or “तू” (you) are used to qualify a noun, they function as pronominal adjectives, although they are primarily pronouns. - ‘राम ने रोटी खायी’ में कारक है (The case in ‘राम ने रोटी खायी’ is)
(A) कर्म (Accusative)
(B) कर्ता (Nominative)
(C) सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
(D) करण (Instrumental)
Answer: (B) कर्ता (Nominative)
Explanation: The doer of the action is ‘राम’, and the postposition ‘ने’ is used with it, hence it is the nominative case (कर्ता कारक). - ‘वृक्ष से पत्ते गिरते हैं’ में कारक है (The case in ‘वृक्ष से पत्ते गिरते हैं’ is)
(A) कर्म (Accusative)
(B) करण (Instrumental)
(C) अपादान (Ablative)
(D) सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
Answer: (C) अपादान (Ablative)
Explanation: Where there is a sense of separation, the ablative case (अपादान कारक) with the ‘से’ postposition is used. - **हिमालय से गंगा निकलती है में ‘से’ कारक है:- (In ‘हिमालय से गंगा निकलती है’, the case for ‘से’ is:-) **
(a) अपादान (Ablative)
(b) अधिकरण (Locative)
(c) कर्त्ता (Nominative)
(d) कर्म (Accusative)
Answer: (a) अपादान (Ablative)
Explanation: The preposition ‘से’ (from) indicates separation (the Ganga originating from the Himalayas), which is the ablative case (अपादान कारक). - ‘गंगा हिमालय से निकलती है’ में कारक है- (The case in ‘गंगा हिमालय से निकलती है’ is-)
(a) सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
(b) अपादान (Ablative)
(c) करण (Instrumental)
(d) अधिकरण (Locative)
Answer: (b) अपादान (Ablative) (Note: The answer key provided in the source document incorrectly identifies this as (a) Sambandh.)
Explanation: The Apādāna Kārak (ablative case), marked by the postposition ‘से’, is used to indicate separation. In this sentence, the Ganga is separating from its source, the Himalayas. - **राम ने रोटी खायी, में ‘ने’ कारक है:- (In ‘राम ने रोटी खायी’, the case for ‘ने’ is:-) **
(a) कर्म (Accusative)
(b) करण (Instrumental)
(c) कर्त्ता (Nominative)
(d) सम्बोधन (Vocative)
Answer: (c) कर्त्ता (Nominative)
Explanation: In the sentence ‘राम ने रोटी खायी’, the particle ‘ने’ indicates the subject or doer (कर्त्ता कारक), which is Ram. - वह भूख से बेचैन है में “से” कौन सा कारक है? (In “He is restless from hunger”, what case is “from”?)
(a) कर्त्ता (Nominative)
(b) करण (Instrumental)
(c) कर्म (Accusative)
(d) संबंध (Genitive)
Answer: (b) करण (Instrumental)
Explanation: The “करण कारक” (instrumental case) is used to denote the means or cause by which an action is done; here, hunger is the cause of restlessness. - ‘गमन में कौन-सा प्रत्यय है? (Which suffix is in ‘गमन’?)
(a) मन (man)
(b) अन् (an)
(c) न (na)
(d) अन (an)
Answer: (d) अन (an)
Explanation: The word ‘गमन’ (gaman – going) is formed from the root ‘गम्’ (gam) and the suffix ‘अन’ (an). - दुराचार’ में उपसर्ग है- (The prefix in ‘दुराचार’ is-)
(a) दुर (dur)
(b) दुरा (dura)
(c) दुः (duh)
(d) र्दु (rdu)
Answer: (a) दुर (dur)
Explanation: The prefix in the word ‘दुराचार’ (durachar – misconduct) is ‘दुर्’ (dur), meaning bad or difficult. - ‘कदाचित’ क्रिया विशेषण है- (The adverb ‘कदाचित’ is-)
(a) काल वाचक (Adverb of Time)
(b) स्थान वाचक (Adverb of Place)
(c) परिमाण वाचक (Adverb of Quantity)
(d) रीति वाचक (Adverb of Manner)
Answer: (d) रीति वाचक (Adverb of Manner)
Explanation: ‘कदाचित’ (perhaps, possibly) is a Rīti-vāchak Kriyā Viśeṣaṇ (adverb of manner) because it indicates the manner or degree of certainty of the action. - ‘धिक् – चुप’ कौन सा अव्यय है- (What type of indeclinable is ‘धिक् – चुप’-)
(a) स्वीकृतिबोधक (Acceptance)
(b) क्रोध बोधक (Anger)
(c) तिरस्कार बोधक (Contempt)
(d) विस्मय बोधक (Astonishment)
Answer: (c) तिरस्कार बोधक (Contempt)
Explanation: The interjection ‘धिक्’ is used to express contempt, scorn, or censure. - हाय! अब मैं क्या करूं? इसमें ‘हाय’ कौन सा अव्यय है? (Alas! What should I do now? What type of indeclinable is ‘हाय’?)
(a) संकेत वाचक (Indicative)
(b) उद्देश्यवाचक (Purposive)
(c) स्वरूपवाचक (Definitive)
(d) विस्मयादि बोधक (Interjection)
Answer: (d) विस्मयादि बोधक (Interjection)
Explanation: ‘हाय!’ is an interjection (विस्मयादि बोधक) expressing sorrow or grief. - ‘इसीलिए, क्यों” कौन-सा अव्यय है? (“Therefore, why” are what kind of indeclinables?)
(a) श्रेणिवाचक (Category)
(b) न्यूनताबोधक (Deficiency)
(c) रीतिवाचक (Manner)
(d) तुलनावाचक (Comparison)
Answer: (c) रीतिवाचक (Manner)
Explanation: According to the provided answer key, ‘इसीलिए, क्यों’ are classified under ‘रीतिवाचक’ adverbs. - मेरी आंखों के सामने आओ इसमें ‘के सामने’ कौन सा अव्यय हैः- (In ‘Come before my eyes’, what type of indeclinable is ‘के सामने’?)
(a) सम्बन्ध बोधक (Postposition)
(b) विस्मयादिबोधक (Interjection)
(c) हेतु वाचक (Causative)
(d) विरोध वाचक (Contradictory)
Answer: (a) सम्बन्ध बोधक (Postposition)
Explanation: The phrase ‘के सामने’ (in front of) is a सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय (postpositional adverb) because it shows the relationship between a noun and the rest of the sentence. - “कभी-कभी” कौन सा अव्यय हैः- (“Sometimes” is what kind of indeclinable?)
(a) संबंध बोधक (Postposition)
(b) कालवाचक (Adverb of Time)
(c) विनिमय वाचक (Exchange)
(d) हेतु वाचक (Causative)
Answer: (b) कालवाचक (Adverb of Time)
Explanation: The adverb ‘कभी-कभी’ (sometimes/occasionally) indicates the time or frequency of an action, making it a कालवाचक क्रिया-विशेषण (adverb of time). - वहाँ कोई नहीं है। इसमें वहाँ कौन-सा अव्यय है? (There is no one there. In this, what type of adverb is ‘there’?)
(a) कालवाचक (Adverb of Time)
(b) दिशावाचक (Adverb of Direction)
(c) स्थानवाचक (Adverb of Place)
(d) स्थितिवाचक (Adverb of State)
Answer: (c) स्थानवाचक (Adverb of Place)
Explanation: “वहाँ” (there) indicates a location, making it an adverb of place. - “नीचे, ऊपर” कौन-सा अव्यय है? (“Below, above” are what kind of adverbs?)
(a) स्थिति वाचक (Adverb of Position/State)
(b) क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb)
(c) समुच्चय बोधक (Conjunction)
(d) कोई नहीं (None of these)
Answer: (a) स्थिति वाचक (Adverb of Position/State)
Explanation: Words like “नीचे” (below) and “ऊपर” (above) denote position or state (a sub-type of adverb of place). - ‘लताओं का……….’ कौन-सा समुदायवाचक शब्द उपयुक्त है- (Which collective noun is appropriate for ‘लताओं’?)
(a) जत्था (Jattha – group/gang)
(b) कुंज (Kunj – grove/bower)
(c) रेवड (Revad – flock/herd)
(d) समुदाय (Samuday – community)
Answer: (b) कुंज (Kunj – grove/bower)
Explanation: The correct collective noun for ‘लताओं’ (creepers/vines) is ‘कुंज’, which means a grove or bower. - ‘दाँतों का……..’ कौन-सा समुदायवाचक शब्द उपयुक्त है- (Which collective noun is appropriate for ‘दाँतों’?)
(a) किटकिटाना (Kitkitana – chattering)
(b) खड़खड़ाना (Khadkhadana – rattling)
(c) छलछलाना (Chhalchhalana – overflowing)
(d) गुंजारना (Gunjarna – humming)
Answer: (a) किटकिटाना (Kitkitana – chattering)
Explanation: The sound made by the chattering or grinding of teeth is described by the onomatopoeic verb ‘किटकिटाना’. - ‘आँख’ शब्द है (The word ‘आँख’ is)
(A) तत्सम (Tatsam)
(B) तद्भव (Tadbhava)
(C) देशज (Deshaj)
(D) विदेशज (Videshaj)
Answer: (B) तद्भव (Tadbhava)
Explanation: ‘आँख’ is a Tadbhava word; its Tatsam (Sanskrit) form is ‘अक्षि’. - ‘दुग्ध’ शब्द है (The word ‘दुग्ध’ is)
(A) तत्सम (Tatsam)
(B) तद्भव (Tadbhava)
(C) देशज (Deshaj)
(D) विदेशज (Videshaj)
Answer: (A) तत्सम (Tatsam)
Explanation: ‘दुग्ध’ is a Sanskrit word (Tatsam); its Tadbhava form is ‘दूध’.
3. Sandhi (सन्धि)
This section focuses on the euphonic combination of sounds.
- ‘अत्यधिक’ का सन्धि-विच्छेद है (The sandhi disjunction of ‘अत्यधिक’ is)
(A) अत्य + अधिक (Atya + adhik)
(B) अति + अधिक (Ati + adhik)
(C) अत्यधि + क (Atyadhi + ka)
(D) अत्यध + इक (Atyadh + ik)
Answer: (B) अति + अधिक (Ati + adhik)
Explanation: This is an example of Yan Sandhi, where ‘इ + अ’ combine to form ‘य’. - ‘यद्यपि’ का सन्धि-विच्छेद है (The sandhi disjunction of ‘यद्यपि’ is)
(A) यद्य + अपि (Yadya + api)
(B) यद् + अपि (Yad + api)
(C) यदि + अपि (Yadi + api)
(D) यदा + अपि (Yada + api)
Answer: (C) यदि + अपि (Yadi + api)
Explanation: This is also an example of Yan Sandhi, where ‘इ + अ’ combine to form ‘य’. - ‘स्वागत’ का सन्धि-विच्छेद है (The sandhi disjunction of ‘स्वागत’ is)
(A) स्व + आगत (Sva + aagat)
(B) स्वा + गत (Sva + gat)
(C) सु + आगत (Su + aagat)
(D) सू + आगत (Su + aagat)
Answer: (C) सु + आगत (Su + aagat)
Explanation: This is an example of Yan Sandhi, where ‘उ + आ’ combine to form ‘वा’. - ‘देवर्षि’ का सन्धि-विच्छेद है (The sandhi disjunction of ‘देवर्षि’ is)
(A) देव + ऋषि (Dev + rishi)
(B) देवः + ऋषि (Devah + rishi)
(C) देवा + ऋषि (Deva + rishi)
(D) देवे + ऋषि (Deve + rishi)
Answer: (A) देव + ऋषि (Dev + rishi)
Explanation: This is an example of Guna Sandhi, where ‘अ + ऋ’ combine to form ‘अर्’. - ‘रमेश’ का सन्धि विच्छेद है- (The sandhi disjunction of ‘रमेश’ is-)
(a) रमा + ईश (Rama + Isha)
(b) रम् + ईश (Ram + Isha)
(c) रमे + ईश (Rame + Isha)
(d) रमाः + ईश (Ramah + Isha)
Answer: (a) रमा + ईश (Rama + Isha)
Explanation: The word ‘रमेश’ is formed by Guna Sandhi, where ‘आ’ from ‘रमा’ and ‘ई’ from ‘ईश’ combine to form ‘ए’. - ‘इत्यैवम्’ का सन्धि-विच्छेद है- (The sandhi disjunction of ‘इत्यैवम्’ is-)
(a) इति+इयम (iti + iyam)
(b) इति + एवम् (iti + evam)
(c) इतिय + वम् (itiya + vam)
(d) इत्य + एवम् (itya + evam)
Answer: (b) इति + एवम् (iti + evam)
Explanation: The word ‘इत्यैवम्’ is formed by Yan Sandhi, where ‘इ’ from ‘इति’ changes to ‘य’ when followed by ‘ए’ from ‘एवम्’. - निर् + रस की सन्धि है- (The sandhi of निर् + रस is-)
(a) निरस (Niras)
(b) निररस (Niraras)
(c) नीररस (Neeraras)
(d) नीरस (Neeras)
Answer: (d) नीरस (Neeras)
Explanation: In this rule, if ‘निर्’ is followed by a word starting with ‘र’, the ‘र्’ of ‘निर्’ is elided, and the preceding short vowel (‘इ’) becomes long (‘ई’). - ‘यशोदा’ का सन्धि विच्छेद है- (The sandhi disjunction of ‘यशोदा’ is-)
(a) यशः + दा (Yashah + da)
(b) यश + दा (Yash + da)
(c) यशर् + दा (Yashar + da)
(d) यशोद + आ (Yashod + a)
Answer: (a) यशः + दा (Yashah + da)
Explanation: This is an example of Visarga Sandhi where the visarga (ः) before ‘द’ changes to ‘ओ’. - **’अन्वय’ की सन्धि हैः- (The sandhi of ‘अन्वय’ is:-) **
(a) अनु + अय (anu + ay)
(b) अनु + आय (anu + aay)
(c) अनिः + अय (anih + ay)
(d) अनु + अय (anu + ay)
Answer: (d) अनु + अय (anu + ay)
Explanation: The correct sandhi for ‘अन्वय’ is अनु + अय, an example of Yan Sandhi. - **’उद्धार’ की सन्धि हैः- (The sandhi of ‘उद्धार’ is:-) **
(a) उ + द्वार (u + dwar)
(b) उत् + रा (ut + ra)
(c) उद्यौ + हार (udyau + har)
(d) उत् + हार (ut + har)
Answer: (d) उत् + हार (ut + har)
Explanation: The word ‘उद्धार’ is formed by the sandhi of उत् + हार, an example of Vyanjan Sandhi. - **”भवन” की सन्धि हैः- (The sandhi of “भवन” is:-) **
(a) भो + अन (Bho + an)
(b) भ + वन (Bha + van)
(c) भो + वन (Bho + van)
(d) भू + अन (Bhu + an)
Answer: (a) भो + अन (Bho + an)
Explanation: “भवन” is formed by Ayadi Sandhi where ‘ओ’ + ‘अ’ becomes ‘अव’, so भो + अन = भवन. - **”भावुक” का सन्धि है :- (The sandhi of “भावुक” is 🙂 **
(a) भा + ईक (Bha + eek)
(b) भौ + उक (Bhau + uk)
(c) भा + उक (Bha + uk)
(d) भु + उक (Bhu + uk)
Answer: (b) भौ + उक (Bhau + uk)
Explanation: “भावुक” is also formed by Ayadi Sandhi, where ‘औ’ + ‘उ’ becomes ‘आवु’, so भौ + उक = भावुक. - **’निर्गुण’ की सन्धि हैः- (The sandhi of ‘निर्गुण’ is:-) **
(a) नीः + गुण (Neeh + gun)
(b) निर + गुण (Nir + gun)
(c) निः + गुण (Nih + gun)
(d) नीः + गन (Neeh + gan)
Answer: (c) निः + गुण (Nih + gun)
Explanation: The word ‘निर्गुण’ is formed by Visarga Sandhi. The visarga (ः) before a voiced consonant like ‘ग’ changes to ‘र’. - **’महौषध’ की सन्धि है:- (The sandhi of ‘महौषध’ is:-) **
(a) मह + औषध (Mah + aushadh)
(b) मा + औषध (Ma + aushadh)
(c) महा + औषध (Maha + aushadh)
(d) मही + षध (Mahi + shadh)
Answer: (c) महा + औषध (Maha + aushadh)
Explanation: The word ‘महौषध’ is an example of Vriddhi Sandhi. When ‘आ’ (from महा) is followed by ‘औ’ (from औषध), they combine to form ‘औ’.
4. Vocabulary (शब्द-भंडार)
This section includes synonyms (पर्यायवाची), antonyms (विपरीतार्थक), and word meanings (शब्दार्थ).
- ‘आम’ शब्द का पर्यायवाची है (The synonym for the word ‘आम’ is)
(A) रसाल (Rasal)
(B) पल्लव (Pallav)
(C) कल्पवृक्ष (Kalpavriksh)
(D) किंशुक (Kinshuk)
Answer: (A) रसाल (Rasal)
Explanation: ‘रसाल’ is a prominent synonym for ‘आम’ (mango). - ‘कमल’ शब्द का पर्यायवाची नहीं है (Which is not a synonym for the word ‘कमल’?)
(A) नीरज (Neeraj)
(B) पंकज (Pankaj)
(C) जलद (Jalad)
(D) जलज (Jalaj)
Answer: (C) जलद (Jalad)
Explanation: ‘जलद’ means ‘cloud’, while the others are synonyms for ‘कमल’ (lotus). - ‘गणेश’ का पर्यायवाची नहीं है (Which is not a synonym for ‘गणेश’?)
(A) गजानन (Gajanan)
(B) लम्बकर्ण (Lambkarna)
(C) एकदन्त (Ekdant)
(D) लम्बकेश (Lambkesh)
Answer: (D) लम्बकेश (Lambkesh)
Explanation: Gajanana, Lambkarna, and Ekdant are names for Lord Ganesha, while ‘लम्बकेश’ means ‘one with long hair’. - ‘अमृत’ का पर्यायवाची नहीं है (Which is not a synonym for ‘अमृत’?)
(A) सुधा (Sudha)
(B) पीयूष (Piyush)
(C) सोम (Som)
(D) पयोद (Payod)
Answer: (D) पयोद (Payod)
Explanation: ‘पयोद’ means ‘cloud’, while the others are synonyms for ‘अमृत’ (nectar). - कानन : (Kanan 🙂
(a) पुष्प (Pushp)
(b) वन (Van)
(c) विहिप (Vihit)
(d) मधुकर (Madhukar)
Answer: (b) वन (Van)
Explanation: ‘कानन’ is a synonym for ‘वन’, both meaning forest. - असिः (Asi 🙂
(a) तीर (Teer)
(b) चन्द्रहास (Chandrahas)
(c) तलवार (Talwar)
(d) घट (Ghat)
Answer: (c) तलवार (Talwar)
Explanation: ‘असि’ is a synonym for ‘तलवार’, both meaning sword. - अमियः (Amiy 🙂
(a) आम्र (Amra)
(b) मधुप (Madhup)
(c) सुधा (Sudha)
(d) विष (Vish)
Answer: (c) सुधा (Sudha)
Explanation: ‘अमिय’ is a synonym for ‘सुधा’, both meaning nectar. - नाहरः (Nahar 🙂
(a) व्याग्र (Vyaghra)
(b) ससुराल (Sasural)
(c) स्वामी (Swami)
(d) सुन्दर (Sundar)
Answer: (a) व्याग्र (Vyaghra)
Explanation: ‘नाहर’ is a synonym for ‘व्याघ्र’, both meaning tiger. - ‘पवन’ का पर्यायवाची नहीं है- (Which is not a synonym for ‘पवन’?)
(a) उदक (Udak)
(b) अनिल (Anil)
(c) समीर (Sameer)
(d) मारूत (Marut)
Answer: (a) उदक (Udak)
Explanation: ‘अनिल’, ‘समीर’, and ‘मारूत’ are synonyms for wind; ‘उदक’ is a synonym for water. - ‘देवता’ का समानार्थक शब्द है- (The synonym for ‘देवता’ is-)
(a) सुर (Sur)
(b) चक्षु (Chakshu)
(c) पयोद (Payod)
(d) सुरा (Sura)
Answer: (a) सुर (Sur)
Explanation: A common synonym for ‘देवता’ (deity) is ‘सुर’. - **’यमुना’ का पर्यायवाची नहीं हैः- (Which is not a synonym for ‘यमुना’?:-) **
(a) कालिन्दी (Kalindi)
(b) कृष्णा (Krishna)
(c) सूर्यतनया (Suryatanaya)
(d) सरोवर (Sarovar)
Answer: (d) सरोवर (Sarovar)
Explanation: ‘सरोवर’ means lake and is not a synonym for the river Yamuna. - **’पवन’ का समानार्थक शब्द हैः- (The synonym for ‘पवन’ is:-) **
(a) नग (Nag)
(b) गिरी (Giri)
(c) अचल (Achal)
(d) मारूत (Marut)
Answer: (d) मारूत (Marut)
Explanation: ‘मारूत’ is a synonym for ‘पवन’, both meaning wind. - **’कपड़ा’ का समानार्थक शब्द है :- (The synonym for ‘कपड़ा’ is 🙂 **
(a) अक्षि (Akshi)
(b) गेह (Geh)
(c) वसन (Vasan)
(d) दृग (Drig)
Answer: (c) वसन (Vasan)
Explanation: ‘वसन’ is a synonym for ‘कपड़ा’, both meaning cloth or garment. - **’कामदेव’ का समानार्थक शब्द हैः- (The synonym for ‘कामदेव’ is:-) **
(a) अनंग (Anang)
(b) माधव (Madhav)
(c) सुरपति (Surpati)
(d) देवराज (Devraj)
Answer: (a) अनंग (Anang)
Explanation: “अनंग” (the bodiless one) is a well-known synonym for Kamdev, the god of love. - **’गंगा’ का पर्यायवाची नहीं हैः- (Which is not a synonym for ‘Ganga’:-) **
(a) सुधांशु (Sudhanshu)
(b) सुरसरिता (Sursarita)
(c) मन्दाकिनी (Mandakini)
(d) भागीरथी (Bhagirathi)
Answer: (a) सुधांशु (Sudhanshu)
Explanation: “सुधांशु” is a synonym for the moon, while the others are all names for the river Ganga. - ‘आस्तिक’ शब्द का विपरीतार्थक है (The antonym for the word ‘आस्तिक’ is)
(A) स्वास्तिक (Swastik)
(B) नास्तिक (Nastik)
(C) अनआस्तिक (An-astik)
(D) अआस्तिक (A-astik)
Answer: (B) नास्तिक (Nastik)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘आस्तिक’ (theist) is ‘नास्तिक’ (atheist). - ‘अग्रज’ शब्द का विपरीतार्थक है (The antonym for the word ‘अग्रज’ is)
(A) अनुज (Anuj)
(B) तनुज (Tanuj)
(C) मनुज (Manuj)
(D) दनुज (Danuj)
Answer: (A) अनुज (Anuj)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘अग्रज’ (elder brother) is ‘अनुज’ (younger brother). - ‘सज्जन’ का विपरीतार्थक है (The antonym for ‘सज्जन’ is)
(A) दुर्जन (Durjan)
(B) निर्जन (Nirjan)
(C) विजन (Vijan)
(D) सुजन (Sujan)
Answer: (A) दुर्जन (Durjan)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘सज्जन’ (good person) is ‘दुर्जन’ (wicked person). - ‘आयात’ का विपरीतार्थक है (The antonym for ‘आयात’ is)
(A) जाना (Jana)
(B) निर्यात (Niryat)
(C) आना (Aana)
(D) प्रदान (Pradan)
Answer: (B) निर्यात (Niryat)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘आयात’ (import) is ‘निर्यात’ (export). - सकाम (Sakam)
(a) निष्फल (Nishfal)
(b) अकाम (Akam)
(c) कुकर्म (Kukarm)
(d) निष्काम (Nishkam)
Answer: (d) निष्काम (Nishkam)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘सकाम’ (with desire) is ‘निष्काम’ (selfless). - गुरुताः (Guruta 🙂
(a) लघुता (Laghuta)
(b) मित्रता (Mitrata)
(c) शत्रुता (Shatruta)
(d) दुर्जनता (Durjanta)
Answer: (a) लघुता (Laghuta)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘गुरुता’ (greatness/heaviness) is ‘लघुता’ (smallness/lightness). - आर्द्रः (Aardra 🙂
(a) शुष्क (Shushk)
(b) नमी (Nami)
(c) शीत (Sheet)
(d) ताप (Taap)
Answer: (a) शुष्क (Shushk)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘आर्द्र’ (moist) is ‘शुष्क’ (dry). - ‘सहयोगी’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द है- (The antonym for the word ‘सहयोगी’ is-)
(a) आत्मयोगी (Atmyogi)
(b) बहुयोगी (Bahuyogi)
(c) प्रतियोगी (Pratiyogi)
(d) लघुयोगी (Laghuyogi)
Answer: (c) प्रतियोगी (Pratiyogi)
Explanation: The antonym of ‘सहयोगी’ (collaborator) is ‘प्रतियोगी’ (competitor). - **’पतिव्रता’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द हैः- (The antonym for the word ‘पतिव्रता’ is:-) **
(a) अपतिव्रता (Apativrata)
(b) शिख (Shikh)
(c) कुलटा (Kulta)
(d) अयोग्य (Ayogya)
Answer: (c) कुलटा (Kulta)
Explanation: The antonym for ‘पतिव्रता’ (a devoted wife) is ‘कुलटा’ (a promiscuous woman). - **’धैर्य’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द है :- (The antonym for the word ‘धैर्य’ is 🙂 **
(a) अधैर्य (Adhairya)
(b) हिम्मत (Himmat)
(c) अधीर (Adheer)
(d) धैर्यवान (Dhairyavan)
Answer: (a) अधैर्य (Adhairya)
Explanation: The direct antonym of ‘धैर्य’ (patience) is ‘अधैर्य’ (impatience). - **’चेतना’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द है:- (The antonym of ‘चेतना’ is:-) **
(a) अचेतना (Achetana)
(b) मूर्च्छा (Murchha)
(c) अचेतन (Achetan)
(d) पतन (Patan)
Answer: (b) मूर्च्छा (Murchha)
Explanation: “चेतना” means consciousness, and “मूर्च्छा” means fainting or loss of consciousness. - ‘श्री’ शब्द का विपरीतार्थक शब्द है: (The antonym of the word ‘Shri’ is:)
(a) श्रीमान् (Shriman)
(b) श्रीवान् (Shrivan)
(c) इतिश्री (Itishri)
(d) श्रमिक (Shramik)
Answer: (a) श्रीमान् (Shriman) (Note: The provided answer is (a) श्रीमान्. However, the correct antonym for “श्री” (meaning beginning) is “इतिश्री” (meaning the end).)
Explanation: The correct antonym for “श्री” (meaning beginning or prosperity) is “इतिश्री” (meaning the end). - **’अंगना’ का अर्थ है:- (The meaning of ‘अंगना’ is:-) **
(a) आँगन (Aangan)
(b) सागर (Sagar)
(c) हवा (Hawa)
(d) स्त्री (Stri)
Answer: (d) स्त्री (Stri)
Explanation: The word ‘अंगना’ means woman or lady. - **’पिक’ का अर्थ है:- (The meaning of ‘पिक’ is:-) **
(a) पान का थूक (Paan ka thook)
(b) जल (Jal)
(c) कृपा (Kripa)
(d) कोयल (Koyal)
Answer: (d) कोयल (Koyal)
Explanation: The word ‘पिक’ means cuckoo (‘कोयल’). - **’रंक’ का अर्थ हैः- (The meaning of ‘रंक’ is:-) **
(a) वर्ण (Varn)
(b) प्रेम (Prem)
(c) दरिद्र (Daridra)
(d) रत्न (Ratna)
Answer: (c) दरिद्र (Daridra)
Explanation: The word ‘रंक’ means a very poor person or pauper; ‘दरिद्र’ is a direct synonym. - **’अंश’ का अर्थ हैः- (The meaning of ‘अंश’ is:-) **
(a) कन्धा (Kandha – Shoulder)
(b) हिस्सा (Hissa – Part/Share)
(c) टुकड़ा (Tukda – Piece)
(d) शीघ्र (Sheeghra – Quick)
Answer: (b) हिस्सा (Hissa – Part/Share)
Explanation: “अंश” means a part, portion, or share. - **’पावन’ का अर्थ है:- (The meaning of ‘पावन’ is:-) **
(a) पवित्र (Pavitra – Holy/Pure)
(b) पत्थर (Patthar – Stone)
(c) पोता (Pota – Grandson)
(d) तख्ता (Takhta – Plank)
Answer: (a) पवित्र (Pavitra)
Explanation: “पावन” means sacred, holy, or pure. - ‘व्याधि’ का अर्थ है- (The meaning of ‘व्याधि’ is-)
(a) शारीरिक कष्ट (Physical suffering)
(b) मानसिक कष्ट (Mental suffering)
(c) आध्यात्मिक कष्ट (Spiritual suffering)
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं (None of these)
Answer: (a) शारीरिक कष्ट (Physical suffering)
Explanation: ‘व्याधि’ primarily refers to physical disease, bodily ailment, or sickness. - ‘आरक्षा’ का क्या अर्थ है? (What is the meaning of ‘आरक्षा’?)
(a) सुरक्षित (Surakshit – Safe)
(b) असुरक्षित (Asurakshit – Unsafe)
(c) पुलिस (Police)
(d) रखवाला (Rakhwala – Guardian)
Answer: (d) रखवाला (Rakhwala – Guardian)
Explanation: ‘आरक्षा’ means protection, and ‘आरक्षक’ means a guard or protector (रखवाला). - ‘शारीरिक कष्ट’ का अर्थ है- (The meaning of ‘शारीरिक कष्ट’ is-)
(a) व्याधि (Vyadhi – Disease)
(b) सुश्रुषा (Sushrusha – Nursing)
(c) पीड़ा (Peeda – Pain)
(d) दुःख (Dukh – Sorrow)
Answer: (c) पीड़ा (Peeda – Pain)
Explanation: ‘पीड़ा’ is the most direct word for physical pain or bodily suffering.
5. Idioms and One-Word Substitution (मुहावरे एवं वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द)
This section covers idiomatic expressions and single words for phrases.
- ‘आँखें दिखाना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ है (The meaning of the idiom ‘आँखें दिखाना’ is)
(A) क्रोध करना (To show anger)
(B) शरमाना (To be shy)
(C) प्यार करना (To love)
(D) इशारा करना (To gesture)
Answer: (A) क्रोध करना (To show anger)
Explanation: The idiom ‘आँखें दिखाना’ means to show anger or to glare. - ‘ईद का चाँद होना’ मुहावरे का अर्थ है (The meaning of the idiom ‘ईद का चाँद होना’ is)
(A) बहुत दिनों बाद मिलना (To meet after a long time)
(B) ईद मनाना (To celebrate Eid)
(C) चाँद देखना (To see the moon)
(D) खुशियाँ मनाना (To celebrate)
Answer: (A) बहुत दिनों बाद मिलना (To meet after a long time)
Explanation: This idiom is used for a person who is seen after a very long time. - कुर्सी तोड़ना- (Kursi Todna – To break a chair)
(a) उपद्रव मचाना (To create a disturbance)
(b) मेहनत न करना (To not work hard)
(c) अधिक श्रम करना (To work very hard)
(d) सुन्दर लिखना (To write beautifully)
Answer: (b) मेहनत न करना (To not work hard)
Explanation: The idiom ‘कुर्सी तोड़ना’ means to sit idle and not work hard. - कूपमंडूक होना- (Koopmanduk Hona – To be a frog in a well)
(a) कुएँ में गिरना (To fall into a well)
(b) घर में रहना (To stay at home)
(c) अत्यन्त सीमित ज्ञान होना (To have very limited knowledge)
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं (None of these)
Answer: (c) अत्यन्त सीमित ज्ञान होना (To have very limited knowledge)
Explanation: This idiom means to have a very narrow or limited outlook, like a frog in a well. - नाक का बाल होना (Naak ka baal hona – To be a hair of the nose)
(a) अत्यन्त प्रिय होना (To be very dear)
(b) मुसीबत होना (To be a trouble)
(c) अवसरवादी होना (To be an opportunist)
(d) आफत गले पड़ना (To get into trouble)
Answer: (a) अत्यन्त प्रिय होना (To be very dear)
Explanation: The idiom ‘नाक का बाल होना’ means to be very dear or close to someone. - माथा ठनकना- (Matha Thanakna – To have one’s forehead throb)
(a) सिर में दर्द होना (To have a headache)
(b) सन्देह होना (To become suspicious)
(c) सोच-विचार करना (To think deeply)
(d) सिर थामकर बैठना (To sit holding one’s head)
Answer: (b) सन्देह होना (To become suspicious)
Explanation: The idiom ‘माथा ठनकना’ means to become suspicious about something. - ‘अन्त पाना’ का अर्थ है- (The meaning of ‘अन्त पाना’ is-)
(a) समाप्त करना (To finish)
(b) बदल जाना (To change)
(c) प्रसन्न होना (To be happy)
(d) भेद पाना (To find the secret)
Answer: (d) भेद पाना (To find the secret)
Explanation: The idiom ‘अन्त पाना’ means to discover the secret or mystery of something. - ‘काला अक्षर भैंस बराबर’ का अर्थ है- (The meaning of ‘काला अक्षर भैंस बराबर’ is-)
(a) व्यर्थ गंवाना (To waste)
(b) बुरी संगत में पड़ना (To fall into bad company)
(c) निरक्षर होना (To be illiterate)
(d) परिश्रम करना (To work hard)
Answer: (c) निरक्षर होना (To be illiterate)
Explanation: This proverb signifies being completely illiterate. - **’आस्तीन का सांप’ का अर्थ हैः- (The meaning of ‘आस्तीन का सांप’ is:-) **
(a) विचलित होना (To be distracted)
(b) कसर न छोड़ना (To leave no stone unturned)
(c) कपटी मित्र (A deceitful friend)
(d) बहाना करना (To make an excuse)
Answer: (c) कपटी मित्र (A deceitful friend)
Explanation: The idiom ‘आस्तीन का सांप’ (a snake in the sleeve) refers to a treacherous or deceitful friend. - **”गाँठ में बाँधना” का अर्थ हैः- (The meaning of “गाँठ में बाँधना” is:-) **
(a) खूब याद रखना (To remember well)
(b) मालदार (Wealthy)
(c) भटकना (To wander)
(d) बढ़िया लिखना (To write well)
Answer: (a) खूब याद रखना (To remember well)
Explanation: This idiom means to commit something to memory firmly. - **’अन्न लगना’ का अर्थ हैः- (The meaning of ‘अन्न लगना’ is:-) **
(a) अनाज बोना (To sow grains)
(b) धोखा देना (To deceive)
(c) ईमानदार बनना (To become honest)
(d) स्वस्थ रहना (To be healthy)
Answer: (d) स्वस्थ रहना (To be healthy)
Explanation: The idiom ‘अन्न लगना’ means to be healthy and nourished by the food one eats. - ‘जिसका कोई शत्रु न हो’ के लिए एक शब्द है (A word for ‘one who has no enemy’ is)
(A) शत्रुहीन (Shatruheen)
(B) अजातशत्रु (Ajatashatru)
(C) शत्रुनाशक (Shatrunashak)
(D) विश्वविजेता (Vishwavijeta)
Answer: (B) अजातशत्रु (Ajatashatru)
Explanation: ‘अजातशत्रु’ means a person whose enemy is not yet born. - ‘जो सब कुछ जानता हो’ के लिए एक शब्द है (A word for ‘one who knows everything’ is)
(A) सर्वज्ञ (Sarvagya)
(B) विशेषज्ञ (Visheshagya)
(C) अविज्ञ (Avigya)
(D) ज्ञानी (Gyani)
Answer: (A) सर्वज्ञ (Sarvagya)
Explanation: ‘सर्वज्ञ’ means omniscient or one who knows all. - जिसके पास कुछ न हो- (One who has nothing-)
(a) अकिंचन (Akinchan)
(b) निरामिष (Niramish)
(c) उऋण (Urin)
(d) कर्जदार (Karzdar)
Answer: (a) अकिंचन (Akinchan)
Explanation: The word for someone who has nothing is ‘अकिंचन’, meaning destitute. - पति-पत्नी के जोड़े- (A husband-wife pair-)
(a) कुटुम्ब (Kutumb)
(b) दम्पत्ति (Dampatti)
(c) परिवार (Parivar)
(d) नव-विवाहित (Nav-vivahit)
Answer: (b) दम्पत्ति (Dampatti)
Explanation: The correct word for a married couple is ‘दम्पत्ति’. - उपकार को न मानने वाला (One who does not acknowledge a favor)
(a) कृतज्ञ (Kritagya)
(b) आभारी (Aabhari)
(c) घमण्डी (Ghamandi)
(d) कृतघ्न (Kritaghna)
Answer: (d) कृतघ्न (Kritaghna)
Explanation: One who is ungrateful is called ‘कृतघ्न’. - ‘पंद्रह दिन में होने वाला’ का एक शब्द है- (A word for ‘that which happens in fifteen days’ is-)
(a) साप्ताहिक (Saptahik)
(b) वार्षिक (Varshik)
(c) पाक्षिक (Pakshik)
(d) मासिक (Masik)
Answer: (c) पाक्षिक (Pakshik)
Explanation: The term for something that occurs once in a fortnight is ‘पाक्षिक’. - **’जिसकी उपमा न हो’ का एक शब्द हैः- (A word for ‘that which has no comparison’ is:-) **
(a) अनुपम (Anupam)
(b) अकथनीय (Akathaniya)
(c) अज्ञ (Agya)
(d) अतीत (Ateet)
Answer: (a) अनुपम (Anupam)
Explanation: The single word for ‘that which has no comparison’ is ‘अनुपम’ (incomparable). - **’स्वेद से उत्पन्न होने वाला’ का एक शब्द है:- (A word for ‘one who is born from sweat’ is:-) **
(a) जलज (Jalaj)
(b) स्वेदज (Svedaj)
(c) अमर (Amar)
(d) शैव (Shaiv)
Answer: (b) स्वेदज (Svedaj)
Explanation: The one-word substitution for ‘one who is born from sweat’ is ‘स्वेदज’. - **यश प्राप्त करने वाले का एक शब्द हैः- (A single word for one who achieves fame is:-) **
(a) सर्वज्ञ (Sarvagya – Omniscient)
(b) जिज्ञासा (Jigyasa – Curiosity)
(c) यशस्वी (Yashasvi – Famous/Renowned)
(d) सर्वव्यापी (Sarvavyapi – Omnipresent)
Answer: (c) यशस्वी (Yashasvi)
Explanation: “यशस्वी” is the word for a person who has attained “यश” (fame).
6. Literature, Figures of Speech, and General Knowledge
This section covers questions related to authors, literary works, figures of speech (अलंकार), and general facts about the Hindi language.
- ‘कालिदास’ की रचना है (The work of ‘Kalidas’ is)
(A) रामायण (Ramayan)
(B) महाभारत (Mahabharat)
(C) अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम् (Abhijnanasakuntalam)
(D) पद्मावत (Padmavat)
Answer: (C) अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम् (Abhijnanasakuntalam)
Explanation: ‘Abhijnanasakuntalam’ is a famous play written by the great poet Kalidas. - ‘तुलसीदास’ की रचना नहीं है (Which is not a work of ‘Tulsidas’?)
(A) रामचरितमानस (Ramcharitmanas)
(B) विनयपत्रिका (Vinaypatrika)
(C) कवितावली (Kavitavali)
(D) साहित्य-लहरी (Sahitya-Lahari)
Answer: (D) साहित्य-लहरी (Sahitya-Lahari)
Explanation: ‘Sahitya-Lahari’ is a work of Surdas, while the other three are by Tulsidas. - ‘त्यागपत्र’ के लेखक निम्न में से कौन हैं? (Who among the following is the author of ‘Tyagpatra’?)
(a) हीरानन्द सच्चिदानन्द वात्स्यायन अज्ञेय (Hiranand Sachidanand Vatsyayan ‘Agyeya’)
(b) जैनेन्द्र कुमार (Jainendra Kumar)
(c) यशपाल (Yashpal)
(d) दूधनाथ सिंह (Doodhnath Singh)
Answer: (b) जैनेन्द्र कुमार (Jainendra Kumar)
Explanation: The classic Hindi novel ‘Tyagpatra’ (The Resignation) was written by the influential 20th-century writer Jainendra Kumar. - टैगोर की ‘गीतांजलि’ क्या है- (What is Tagore’s ‘Gitanjali’-)
(a) कविता, कहानी संग्रह (Collection of poems, stories)
(b) लघु कहानी संग्रह (Collection of short stories)
(c) नाटक सग्रह (Collection of plays)
(d) उपन्यास (Novel)
Answer: (a) कविता, कहानी संग्रह (Collection of poems, stories)
Explanation: Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Gitanjali’ (Song Offerings) is a collection of poems that won him the Nobel Prize in Literature. - ‘जगती-जगती की मूक प्यास’ में कौन-सा अलंकार है? (Which figure of speech is in ‘जगती-जगती की मूक प्यास’?)
(a) अनुप्रास (Anupras – Alliteration)
(b) यमक (Yamak – Homonym)
(c) रूपक (Rupak – Metaphor)
(d) श्लेष (Shlesh – Pun)
Answer: (b) यमक (Yamak – Homonym)
Explanation: This is an example of Yamak alankar, where the same word ‘जगती’ is used twice with different meanings (the world, and awakens). - हिन्दी दिवस मनाया जाता है (Hindi Diwas is celebrated on)
(A)4 नवम्बर को (14th November)
(B)4 दिसम्बर को (14th December)
(C)4 सितम्बर को (14th September)
(D)4 अक्टूबर को (14th October)
Answer: (C)4 सितम्बर को (14th September)
Explanation: On 14th September 1949, the Constituent Assembly gave Hindi the status of the official language, which is why Hindi Diwas is celebrated on this day. - हिन्दी वर्णमाला में कितने स्वर हैं? (How many vowels are there in the Hindi alphabet?)
(A)0
(B)1
(C)2
(D)3
Answer: (B)1
Explanation: Traditionally, there are 11 vowels (from अ to औ) in the Hindi alphabet. - हिन्दी वर्णमाला में कितने व्यंजन हैं? (How many consonants are there in the Hindi alphabet?)
(A) 30
(B) 33
(C) 35
(D) 36
Answer: (B) 33
Explanation: Traditionally, there are 33 basic consonants in the Hindi alphabet. - व्याकरण की दृष्टि से सन्धि कितने प्रकार क होती है? (From a grammatical perspective, how many types of Sandhi are there?)
(a) दो (Two)
(b) तीन (Three)
(c) पाँच (Five)
(d) छः (Six)
Answer: (c) पाँच (Five)
Explanation: In traditional Hindi grammar, Sandhi (euphonic combination) is primarily categorized into three types: Swar (vowel), Vyanjan (consonant), and Visarga; the answer key’s choice of five is unconventional. - रस कितने प्रकार के होते हैं (How many types of ‘Ras’ are there?)
(a)1
(b)5
(c) 9
(d) 71
Answer: (c) 9
Explanation: In Indian aesthetics, there are traditionally nine primary ‘Rasas’ or emotional essences in art and literature. - ‘विशेषण’के कितने भेद हैं? (How many types of adjectives are there?)
(a) दो (Two)
(b) तीन (Three)
(c) चार (Four)
(d) एक (One)
Answer: (b) तीन (Three)
Explanation: The provided answer is three. However, standard Hindi grammar typically classifies adjectives into four main types (गुणवाचक, संख्यावाचक, परिमाणवाचक, सार्वनामिक). - ‘संख्या वाचक’ विशेषण के कितने भेद हैं? (How many types of ‘numeral’ adjectives are there?)
(a) दो (Two)
(b) पाँच (Five)
(c) तीन (Three)
(d) चार (Four)
Answer: (c) तीन (Three)
Explanation: According to the provided answer key, there are three types of ‘संख्या वाचक’ (numeral) adjectives. - ‘परिमाण वाचक’ विशेषण के कितने भेद हैं? (How many types of ‘quantitative’ adjectives are there?)
(a) तीन (Three)
(b) चार (Four)
(c) पांच (Five)
(d) दो (Two)
Answer: (d) दो (Two)
Explanation: परिमाणवाचक विशेषण (quantitative adjective) has two main types: निश्चित परिमाणवाचक (definite quantitative) and अनिश्चित परिमाणवाचक (indefinite quantitative).