Commerce, Economics, and Management.
1. Economic Principles and Theories
This section covers fundamental economic concepts like inflation, demand, and monetary principles.
- ‘मुद्रा स्फीति’ का क्या कारण होता है? (What is the cause of ‘Inflation’?)
(a) मुद्रा आपूर्ति में कमी एवं उत्पाद में गिरावट (Decrease in money supply and fall in production)
(b) उत्पादन में गिरावट (Fall in production)
(c) मुदा आपूर्ति में वृद्धि एवं उत्पादन में गिरावट (Increase in money supply and fall in production)
(d) मुद्रा आपूर्ति में वृद्धि। (Increase in money supply)
Answer: (c) मुदा आपूर्ति में वृद्धि एवं उत्पादन में गिरावट (Increase in money supply and fall in production)
Explanation: Inflation is caused by demand-pull factors (like increased money supply) and cost-push factors (like a fall in production or supply). - निम्नलिखित में से कौन अभिवृद्धि/स्फीति से लाभ उठाता है? (Who among the following benefits from inflation?)
(a) सरकार (Government)
(b) कर्मचारी (Employees)
(c) महाजन (Lender/Moneylender)
(d) कर्जदार (Debtor)
Answer: (d) कर्जदार (Debtor)
Explanation: During inflation, debtors (borrowers) benefit because the real value of the money they repay is less than the value of the money they borrowed. - अर्थशास्त्र में ‘ग्रेशम लॉ’ का सम्बन्ध निम्न में से किससे है? (In economics, ‘Gresham’s Law’ is related to which of the following?)
(A) उपभोग एवं आपूर्ति से (From consumption and supply)
(B) मुद्रा के चलन से (From the circulation of currency)
(C) आपूर्ति एवं मांग से (From supply and demand)
(D) माल एवं सेवा के वितरण से। (From the distribution of goods and services)
Answer: (B) मुद्रा के चलन से (From the circulation of currency)
Explanation: Gresham’s Law is a monetary principle stating that “bad money drives out good,” which relates directly to the circulation of currency. - Aggregate demand is the sum of:
(A) Consumption and production
(B) Consumption and investment
(C) Consumption and investment
(D) Ex-ante saving and ex-post saving
Answer: (B) Consumption and investment
Explanation: In a simple two-sector model of the economy, aggregate demand is the total of consumption expenditure and investment expenditure. - ‘अर्थशास्त्र’ पुस्तक है- (‘Arthashastra’ book is-)
(a) धर्म पर (On religion)
(b) विदेशी नीति पर (On foreign policy)
(c) प्रशासन पर (On administration)
(d) आर्थिक विकास पर (On economic development)
Answer: (c) प्रशासन पर (On administration)
Explanation: Kautilya’s “Arthashastra” is an ancient Indian treatise. It primarily deals with statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, essentially serving as a manual on administration. - ‘एशियन ड्रामा’ में गुन्नार मिर्डल ने विवेचना की है (In ‘Asian Drama’, Gunnar Myrdal has discussed)
(a) एशियाई देशों में गरीबी की (Poverty in Asian countries)
(b) एशियाई देशों में आधुनिक उद्योगों की (Modern industries in Asian countries)
(c) एशिया में सैनिक तानाशाही से सम्बन्धित समस्या के बारे में (About the problem related to military dictatorship in Asia)
(d) एशियाई देशों में नव-उपनिवेशवाद के सम्बन्ध में (Regarding neo-colonialism in Asian countries)
Answer: (a) एशियाई देशों में गरीबी की (Poverty in Asian countries)
Explanation: Gunnar Myrdal’s 1968 book ‘Asian Drama’ is subtitled “An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations,” focusing on underdevelopment and poverty in South Asia.
2. Indian Economy: Planning, Policy, and Sectors
This section includes questions on India’s economic planning, fiscal policy, and major industries.
- The first Five Year Plan was launched in India in:
(A)949
(B)950
(C)951
(D)952
Answer: (C)951
Explanation: The first Five-Year Plan in India was launched in 1951 and focused on the development of the primary sector. - The Planning Commission of India is a/an
(A) Autonomous body
(B) Advisory body
(C) Statutory body
(D) Constitutional body
Answer: (B) Advisory body
Explanation: The Planning Commission (now replaced by NITI Aayog) was a non-constitutional, non-statutory advisory body. - प्लानिंग कमीशन है- (The Planning Commission is-)
(a) एक वैधानिक निकाय (A statutory body)
(b) भारत सरकार के योजना मंत्रालय का एक अंग (A part of the Planning Ministry of the Government of India)
(c) एक सलाहकार निकाय (An advisory body)
(d) पंचवर्षीय योजना के लागू करने के लिए जिम्मेदार (Responsible for implementing the Five-Year Plan)
Answer: (b) भारत सरकार के योजना मंत्रालय का एक अंग (A part of the Planning Ministry of the Government of India)
Explanation: The Planning Commission was an institution that formulated India’s Five-Year Plans, functioning as an advisory body under the Prime Minister. - ‘Deficit Financing’ means that the government borrows money from the:
(A) Reserve Bank of India
(B) State Bank of India
(C) Public
(D) International Monetary Fund
Answer: (A) Reserve Bank of India
Explanation: Deficit financing is the practice where a government funds its budget deficit by borrowing from the central bank. - The principal source of revenue to the State Governments in India is :
(A) Income Tax
(B) Sales Tax
(C)State Excise Duties
(D) Land Revenue
Answer: (B) Sales Tax
Explanation: Sales Tax (now largely replaced by GST, of which the state’s share is SGST) has been the main source of revenue for state governments. - Which of the following taxes is levied by the State Government only?
(A) Entertainment Tax
(B) Wealth Tax
(C) Income Tax
(D) Corporation Tax
Answer: (A) Entertainment Tax
Explanation: Entertainment tax is levied by state governments, while wealth, income, and corporation taxes are levied by the central government. - निम्नांकित करों में से सरकार को सबसे कम राजस्व किस कर से मिलता है? (From which of the following taxes does the government get the least revenue?)
(A) निगम कर से (From Corporation Tax)
(B) आयकर से (From Income Tax)
(C) उत्पादन शुल्क से (From Excise Duty)
(D) उपर्युक्त में से किसी से नहीं। (None of the above)
Answer: (B) आयकर से (From Income Tax)
Explanation: For the fiscal year 1997-98, personal income tax contributed a smaller percentage to the gross tax revenue compared to corporation tax, customs, and excise duties. - इस वर्ष के बजट में वर्ष की आय पर आयकर की छूट दी है- (In this year’s budget, income tax exemption has been given on an annual income of-)
(a) रु. 40,000 की आय पर (On an income of Rs. 40,000)
(b) रु. 45,000 की आय पर (On an income of Rs. 45,000)
(c) रु. 50,000 की आय पर (On an income of Rs. 50,000)
(d) रु. 55,000 की आय पर (On an income of Rs. 55,000)
Answer: (c) रु. 50,000 की आय पर (On an income of Rs. 50,000)
Explanation: This question is time-sensitive to the year 2000; the income tax exemption limit was raised to ₹50,000 in the budget for that period. - भारत में निम्नलिखित में से सबसे बड़ा उद्योग कौनसा है? (Which of the following is the largest industry in India?)
(a) लोहा व इस्पात (Iron and Steel)
(b) सीमेन्ट (Cement)
(c) जूट (Jute)
(d) प्लास्टिक (Plastic)
Answer: (a) लोहा व इस्पात (Iron and Steel)
Explanation: The iron and steel industry forms the backbone of India’s industrial economy and is one of its largest and most crucial sectors. - भारत में सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र का सबसे बड़ा कौन-सा उद्यम है? (Which is the largest public sector enterprise in India?)
(a) जीवन बीमा निगम (Life Insurance Corporation)
(b) हिन्दुस्तान स्टील (Hindustan Steel)
(c) भारतीय रेलवे (Indian Railways)
(d) भारतीय तेल निगम (Indian Oil Corporation)
Answer: (c) भारतीय रेलवे (Indian Railways)
Explanation: Indian Railways has historically been one of the largest public sector undertakings in India, both in terms of assets and number of employees. - निम्नलिखित में से कौन कच्चा माल आधारित उद्योग नहीं है? (Which of the following is not a raw material-based industry?)
(a) सीमेंट (Cement)
(b) शक्कर (Sugar)
(c) कागज (Paper)
(d) शीशा (Glass)
Answer: (b) शक्कर (Sugar)
Explanation: The sugar industry is directly based on sugarcane as its primary raw material. Sugarcane is a perishable and weight-losing raw material, making the industry heavily dependent on its raw material source. - उत्पादन के क्षेत्रों में भारत पहला स्थान रखता है- (In which of the following production areas does India hold the first position?)
(a) चावल (Rice)
(b) गेहूँ (Wheat)
(c) चाय (Tea)
(d) गन्ना (Sugarcane)
Answer: (d) गन्ना (Sugarcane)
Explanation: India is one of the world’s largest producers of sugarcane, often competing with Brazil for the top position. - निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा फल जो भारत में पैदा होता है, उच्चतम विदेशी मुद्रा लाता है? (Which of the following fruits produced in India brings the highest foreign exchange?)
(a) केला (Banana)
(b) आग (आम) (Mango)
(c) रोब (Rob)
(d) संतरा (Orange)
Answer: (b) आग (आम) (Mango)
Explanation: Mango is India’s main fruit export, consistently earning a high amount of foreign exchange among all fruits exported from the country. - In 1995-96 India has produced how many million tonnes of milk?
(a) 70
(b) 63.5
(c) 84
(d) 6
Answer: (a) 70
Explanation: The milk production in India for the year 1995-96 was 70 million tonnes. - Goswami committee is related with which of the following?
(a) Stock market
(b) Tax structure
(c) Sick industries
(d) Export finance.
Answer: (c) Sick industries
Explanation: In 1993, the Indian government formed the Committee on Industrial Sickness and Corporate Restructuring, chaired by Dr. Omkar Goswami, to recommend reforms for dealing with non-viable or “sick” industrial companies. - ‘Open Sky Policy’ means.
(a) Artificial rain
(b) Operation of both the private and public airways
(c) Opening the ozone layer
(d) Permission to foreign airlines
Answer: (b) Operation of both the private and public airways
Explanation: India’s Open Sky Policy, initiated in the early 1990s, allowed private airlines to operate in the domestic sector, ending the monopoly of public carriers.
3. Banking and Finance
This section covers questions related to banking institutions, monetary policy, and financial markets.
- The name of the first bank established in India was
(A) Bank of Hindustan
(B) Reserve Bank of India
(C) State Bank of India
(D) Bank of India
Answer: (A) Bank of Hindustan
Explanation: The Bank of Hindustan, established in 1770 in Calcutta, was the first bank to be established in India. - राष्ट्रीयकरण के बाद ‘इम्पीरियल बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया’ का नाम क्या हो गया है? (After nationalization, what became the name of the ‘Imperial Bank of India’?)
(a) स्टेट बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया (State Bank of India)
(b) रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया (Reserve Bank of India)
(c) बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया (Bank of India)
(d) इण्डियन बैंक (Indian Bank)
Answer: (a) स्टेट बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया (State Bank of India)
Explanation: The Imperial Bank of India was nationalized in 1955 and renamed the State Bank of India (SBI). - क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंकों ने कार्य करना किस सन् में प्रारम्भ किया? (In which year did Regional Rural Banks start functioning?)
(a)971
(b)970
(c)975
(d)973
Answer: (c)975
Explanation: Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in India in 1975, with the first five banks being set up on October 2nd of that year. - रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ इण्डिया निम्न में से क्या जारी करता है? (Which of the following does the Reserve Bank of India issue?)
(a) सौ रूपये के नोट के अतिरिक्त सभी मौद्रिक नोट (All currency notes except the one hundred rupee note)
(b) एक रूपये के अतिरिक्त सभी मौद्रिक नोट (All currency notes except the one rupee note)
(c) सभी मौद्रिक नोट (All currency notes)
(d) केवल 10 रूपये या उसके ऊपर के नोट। (Only notes of Rs 10 or above)
Answer: (b) एक रूपये के अतिरिक्त सभी मौद्रिक नोट (All currency notes except the one rupee note)
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issues all currency notes except for the one-rupee note, which is issued by the Ministry of Finance. - What is the revised cash reserve ratio as fixed by the reserve bank of Indin on July 1, 1995? 1
(a)0%
(b)1%
(c)2%
(d)1.5%
Answer: (c)2%
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India set the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) at 12% on July 1, 1995. - रिजर्व बैंक द्वारा वाणिज्यिक बैंकों को दिये गये ऋण पर व्याज की दर वर्तमान में क्या है? (What is the current interest rate on loans given by the Reserve Bank to commercial banks?)
(a) 9%
(b)0%
(c)1%
(d)2%
Answer: (a) 9%
Explanation: In April 1998, the Reserve Bank of India reduced the Bank Rate to 9%, and it remained at that level for a significant period of that year. - What is Nikkei- 1
(a) Index of share prices in Tokyo stock exchange
(b) Japan’s currency
(c) Rate of interest offered by bank of Tokyo
(d) None of the above.
Answer: (a) Index of share prices in Tokyo stock exchange
Explanation: The Nikkei 225 is the leading stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average in the United States. - The currency of Japan is :
(A) Dollar
(B) Yen
(C) Pound
(D) Mark
Answer: (B) Yen
Explanation: The Yen is the official currency of Japan.
4. General Commerce
This section covers miscellaneous questions related to commerce.
- Rice sells………… Rs.80/a quintal.
(a) In
(b) to
(c) For
(d) At.
Answer: (D) At.
Explanation: The preposition “at” is used to indicate the price or rate of something. - ‘Amartya Sen’ was awarded Nobel Prize for his contribution in the field of:
(A) Economics
(B) Physics
(C) Literature
(D) Medical Science
Answer: (A) Economics
Explanation: Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his work in welfare economics.